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HaMagen
HaMagen ((ヘブライ語:המגן), ''lit.'' The Shield), was a Jewish defense organization in Ottoman Palestine, founded by Yosef Lishansky in summer 1915. It guarded villages in the northern Negev and disbanded in summer 1917, following Lishansky's departure to Nili.
==Background and founding==
At the time of HaMagen's founding, HaShomer was the only all-Jewish defense organization in Ottoman Palestine. Due to the high price, and the elitist〔Goldstein, Jacob (1998). ''From Fighters to Soldiers'', ''"From Bar Giora to HaShomer"'', p. 37〕 and idealistic〔Goldstein, Jacob (1998). ''From Fighters to Soldiers'', ''"HaShomer and the Yishuv"'', pp. 58–59〕 policies of HaShomer, most Jewish towns and villages were guarded by Arabs. An attempt was made in 1912 to create a rival organization, HaNoter, but it lasted only one year.〔
HaMagen was created in summer 1915, and Yosef Lishansky, who was rejected from HaShomer,〔Ben-Yehuda, Nachman (1993), pp. 129–131〕 became its leader.〔 According to HaMagen's David Tsalevich, some of the organization's members were disgruntled HaShomer would-be inductees, who were not accepted despite extensive trial periods.〔Goldstein, Jacob (1998). ''From Fighters to Soldiers'', ''"Notes"'', pp. 247–248〕 Ben-Zion Mashevich and David Tsalevich were members of both HaShomer and HaMagen,〔 but denied any connections with the latter.〔
The organization consisted of about 20 members, including men from Poale Zion. The Judea Workers' Union provided further manpower during the organization's early period.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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